Introduce yourself
Climate governance describes the structures and mechanisms that governments and organizations use to manage climate issues. In India, climate governance includes the policies, rules, and institutions that are in place to reduce climate change, adapt to it, and deal with its effects. India is vulnerable to climate changes, given its vast geographical area, diversity in socioeconomics, and diverse population. Efficient climate governance can help ensure sustainable development.
1. Understanding Climate Changes and Their Impacts
Definition of Climate Change
Climate change is the long-term alteration of temperature, rainfall, wind patterns and other aspects of Earth’s climate. Human activities are largely responsible for climate change, primarily the burning fossil fuels and deforestation.
Impacts of the 1.2 on India
- Agricultural StressAlterations in rainfall patterns affect agricultural productivity and threaten food security.
- Extreme Weather EventsInfrastructure and livelihoods are challenged by the increased frequency and intensity in cyclones and floods.
- Health RisksTemperatures and levels of pollution are increasing, which increases the risk for diseases such as dengue fever and illnesses related to heat.
- Water ScarcityThe melting of glaciers, and the changing patterns of monsoon rain, affects water supply and generation.
2. Climate Governance: A Legal Framework and Institutional Structure
National Action Plan on Climate Change
NAPCC, launched in 2008, was an important step in India’s approach to the climate change. It focused on eight missions that were aimed at adaptation and mitigation.
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Mission on Solar Energy
- Solar energy: Goal to increase solar power capacity.
- For example, the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission is aiming to produce 100 GW solar energy by 2022.
- Mission for Sustainable Habitat
- Goal: Promoting energy efficient and sustainable urban development.
- Examples: In cities such as Delhi and Bengaluru, initiatives to improve public transportation systems and waste disposal.
State Action Plans on Climate Change
SAPCCs are aligned with NAPCC in state-level strategies that address climate change by addressing local vulnerabilities.
- You can also see our Example of a Good Way to StartGujarat State Action Plan is a comprehensive plan that includes initiatives for sustainable agriculture and measures to conserve water.
2.3 Regulatory Framework
The following are regulatory measures:
- Environment Protection Act (1986)Framework for improving and protecting the environment.
- Forest Conservation Act (1980)The aim of the law is to prevent deforestation and control it.
International Climate Governance: International Commitments
Paris Agreement
India has signed the Paris Agreement and committed to reduce greenhouse gases emissions while increasing renewable energy.
- Contribution to be Determined Nationally (INDC).India’s goal is to achieve 40% non-fossil energy capacity by 2030, a reduction of 33-35% from the 2005 level.
Participation to Global Climate Change Forums
India is a participant in many forums including the UN Climate Change Conference, the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure and other international organizations.
- You can also see our Example of a Good Way to StartInternational Solar Alliance (ISA), for example, aims to promote solar power globally.
4. Climate Change
National and International Climate Finance
- National Adaptation Fund for Climate ChangeA financial instrument to support adaptation to climate change in vulnerable sectors.
- International Green Climate FundSupports activities to reduce emissions by providing resources for developing countries.
4.2 Public-Private Partnerships
Partnerships with private companies to encourage investments in green technology and renewable energy.
- You can also see our Example of a Good Way to StartCo-operations with ReNew Power or Tata Power on renewable energy projects.
5. Build your capacity and awareness
5.1 Initiatives Educational
- Institutions like the Indian Institute of Science and Management (IIM) support educational programs about climate change.
5.2 Engagement in the Community
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Resilience is enhanced by involving local communities in climate adaptation and afforestation strategies.
- You can also see our Example of a Good Way to StartThe Chipko Movement is a community conservation movement.
6. Climate Governance Challenges
6.1 Implementation of Policy
Due to lack of coordination and bureaucratic barriers, despite having well-defined policies the implementation is still a problem.
6.2 Constraints on Funding
Lack of resources, especially at state levels, hinders the implementation of climate initiatives.
6.3 Science and Technology Capacity
Lack of access to research and advanced technologies affects our ability to effectively address climate change.
7. Case Studies
Maharashtra’s Climate Resilience Strategy
Maharashtra developed a comprehensive strategy to address vulnerabilities within agriculture, urban environments, and the healthcare system.
Andhra Pradesh Renewable Energy Initiatives
Andhra Pradesh is setting an example by pursuing ambitious renewable energy goals, with particular focus on solar.
You can also read our conclusion.
India’s climate governance is crucial for the country to achieve sustainable development, and ensure resilience against impacts of climate change. India can effectively tackle the climate challenge by strengthening its institutional frameworks and increasing community participation, as well as securing sufficient funding. It is important to have robust policies at every level of government, and to collaborate with other governments to achieve a more sustainable future.
FAQ
Question 1: What’s the primary objective of India’s National Action Plan on Climate Change?
NAPCC’s goal is to develop strategies that will mitigate climate changes while also promoting sustainable growth. The eight core missions are energy, agricultural, water and urban planning.
FAQ 2: What are the plans for India to finance climate change?
India supports its climate goals with a mixture of national financing and international funding, such as participation in the Green Climate Fund and the National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change.
FAQ 3: How do states govern climate change?
State governments can develop State Action Plans on Climate Change, or SAPCCs to adapt national strategies to local needs and vulnerabilities.
FAQ 4: What is India’s obligation under the Paris Agreement
India wants to cut its emissions of greenhouse gases by between 33-35% compared with 2005 by 2030, and use non-fossil sources for 40% of the power it produces.
FAQ 5: What can Indian citizens do to help with climate governance?
Participants can participate in climate awareness campaigns, engage in conservation initiatives led by their communities, adopt sustainable practices and encourage policy change through community-led efforts.
